Personal | |
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Born | c. 1300 / 701 H Bosra, Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo) now in Syria |
Died | 18 February 1373 / 774 H |
Religion | Islam |
Era | |
Region | Sham |
Denomination | Sunni (Classical Salafism) |
Jurisprudence | Shafi'i[1][2] |
Creed | Athari[3] |
Notable work(s) | - Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm (Tafsir Ibn Kathir), a Quranic exegesis; - Al-Bidāya wan Nihāya (“The Beginning and the End”), a 14-volume history of Islam; - Kitāb al-jāmiʿ, a hadith collection.[6] |
Senior posting | |
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Arabic name | |
Personal (Ism) | Ismāʿīl إسماعيل |
Patronymic (Nasab) | ibn ʿUmar ibn Kaṯīr بن عمر بن كثير |
Teknonymic (Kunya) | Abū l-Fidāʾ أبو الفداء |
Epithet (Laqab) | ʿImād ud-Dīn عماد الدين 'pillar of the faith' |
Toponymic (Nisba) | Ad-Dimashqi Al-Qurashi Al-Busrawi |
Ismail ibn Kathir (ابن كثير (Abridged name); Abu al-Fida' 'Imad Ad-Din Isma'il bin 'Umar bin Kathir al-Qurashi Al-Busrawi (إسماعيل بن عمر بن كثير القرشي الدمشقي أبو الفداء عماد الدين) c. 1300 – 1373) was a highly influential historian, exegete and scholar during the Mamluk era in Syria. An expert on tafsir (Quranic exegesis) and faqīh (jurisprudence), he wrote several books, including a fourteen-volume universal history.[7][8] Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani said about him, “Ibn Kathir worked on the subject of the hadith in the texts (متون) and chains of narrators (رجال). He had a good memory; his books became popular during his lifetime, and people benefited from them after his death.”[9][page needed]
His full name was Abū l-Fidāʾ Ismāʿīl ibn ʿUmar ibn Kaṯīr (أبو الفداء إسماعيل بن عمر بن كثير) and had the honorary title of ʿImād ad-Dīn (عماد الدين 'pillar of the faith').He was born in Mijdal, a village on the outskirts of the city of Busra, to the east of Damascus, Syria, around aboutAH 701 (AD 1300/1)[citation needed]. He was taught by Ibn Taymiyya and Al-Dhahabi.
Upon completion of his studies he obtained his first official appointment in 1341, when he joined an inquisitorial commission formed to determine certain questions of heresy.[6]He married the daughter of Al-Mizzi, one of the foremost Syrian scholars of the period, which gave him access to the scholarly elite. In 1345 he was made preacher (khatib) at a newly built mosque in Mizza, the home town of his father-in-law. In 1366, he rose to a professorial position at the Great Mosque of Damascus.[6][10]
Battleship full movie watch online. In later life, he became blind.[8][10] He attributes his blindness to working late at night on the Musnad of Ahmad Ibn Hanbal in an attempt to rearrange it topically rather than by narrator.He died in February 1373 (AH 774) in Damascus. He was buried next to his teacher Ibn Taymiyya.[11]
Ibn Kathir shares some similarities with his teacher Ibn Taymiyyah, such as advocating a militant jihad and adhering to the renewal of one singular Islamic ummah.[12] Furthermore, like Ibn Taymiyyah, he counts as an anti-rationalistic, traditionalistic and hadith oriented.[13] However Ibn Kathir distanced himself from the literal reading of God's attributes asserted by his teacher Ibn Taimiyya, who was accused of anthropomorphism, a view that was objectionable according to Ashʿarism.[14] Ibn Kathir did not interpret the mutashabihat, or 'unapparent in meaning' verses and hadiths in a literal anthropomorphic way. He states that:
People have said a great deal on this topic and this is not the place to expound on what they have said. On this matter, we follow the early Muslims (salaf): Malik, Awza'i, Thawri, Layth ibn Sa'd, Shafi'i, Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Ishaq Ibn Rahwayh, and others among the Imams of the Muslims, both ancient and modern that is, to let (the verse in question) pass as it has come, without saying how it is meant (min ghayr takyif), without likening it to created things (wa la tashbih), and without nullifying it (wa la ta'til): The literal meaning (zahir) that occurs to the minds of anthropomorphists (al-mushabbihin) is negated of Allah, for nothing from His creation resembles Him: 'There is nothing whatsoever like unto Him, and He is the All-Hearing, the All-Seeing' (Qur'an 42:11)[15][16]
Ibn Kathir wrote a famous commentary on the Qur'an named Tafseer al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓeem which linked certain hadith, or sayings of Muhammad, and sayings of the sahaba to verses of the Qur'an, in explanation and avoided the use of Isra'iliyyats. Many Sunni Muslims hold his commentary as the best after Tafsir al-Tabari[17] and it is highly regarded especially among Salafi school of thought.[18] Although Ibn Kathir claimed to rely on at-Tabari, he introduced new methods and differs in content, in attempt to clear Islam from any Isra'iliyyat. His suspicion on Isra'iliyyat probably derived from Ibn Taimiyya's influence, who discounted much of the exegetical tradition since then.[19][20]
Egyptian scholar Ahmad Muhammad Shakir (1892–1958) edited Ibn Kathir's Tafsir as ʿUmdat at-Tafsīr in five volumespublished during 1956–1958.
Faḍāʾil al-Qurʾān (فضائل القرآن) was intended as an annex to the Tafsir. It is a brief textual history of the Qur'an and its collection after the death of Muhammad.
Tafseer al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓeem is controversial in academic circles. Henri Laoust regards it primary as a philological work and 'very elementary'. Norman Calder describes it as narrow-minded, dogmatic and sceptical against the intellectuel achievements of former exegetes. His concern is limited to rate the Quranby the corpus of hadith and is the first, who flat rates jewish sources as lying, while simultaneously use them, just as prophetic hadith, selectively to support his prefabricated opinion. Otherwise, Jane Dammen McAuliffe regards this tafsir as, deliberately and carefully selection, whose interpretation is unique to his own judgement to preserve, that he regards as best among his traditions.[21]
Al-Jāmi (الجامع) is a grand collection of hadith texts intended for encyclopedic use. It is an alphabetical listing of the Companions of the Prophet and the sayings that each transmitted, thus reconstructing the chain of authority for each hadith.[6]
Al-Baa'ith al-Hatheeth is an abridgement of the Muqaddimah by Ibn al-Salah in hadith terminology
At-Takmil fi Ma`rifat Ath-Thiqat wa Ad-Du'afa wal Majdhil which Ibn Kathir collected from the books of his two Shaykhs Al-Mizzi and Adh-Dhahabi; Al-Kamal and Mizan Al-Ftiddl. He added several benefits regarding the subject of Al-Jarh and At-Ta'dil.
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Ibn Kathir wrote references for the ahadith of Adillat At-Tanbih, from the Shafi'i school of fiqh.
Battle chess. Al-ijtihād fī ṭalab al-jihād (الاجتهاد في طلب الجهاد), written by commission of the Mamluk governor of Damascus, is a defense of armed jihad and ribat against the neighboring Christian powers (remnants of the crusader states, such as the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia) based on the evidence of the Qur'an and the sunnah.
NOTE: Many books listed here remain unpublished.
Ibn Kathīr is often portrayed as the “spokesperson” for Ibn Taymiyya, one who promoted his work and implemented his theories. Ibn Kathīr is more accurately described as a Shāfi‘ī traditionalists or a group of Shāfiʻī ḥadīth scholars who maintained a traditionalist creed.
Jane McAullife remarks that ‘certainly the most famous of Ibn Kathīr’s teachers, and perhaps the one who influenced him the most, was the Ḥanbalī theologian and jurisconsult Ibn Taymiyyah’.
Ibn Qāḍī al-Shuhba concludes mentioning that Ibn Kathīr was buried ‘next to his teacher (shaykhihi) Ibn Taymiyya’.
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